An integrated assessment of environmental, economic, social and technological parameters of source separated and conventional sanitation concepts: A contribution to sustainability analysis

Resource recovery and reuse from domestic wastewater has become an important subject for the current development of sanitation technologies infrastructures. Different are available combined into concepts, with different performances. This study provides a methodological approach to evaluate sustainability these concepts focus on resource reuse. St. Eustatius, small tropical island in Caribbean, was used as case evaluation. Three source separation-community-on-site two sewerage island-scale were selected compared terms environmental (net energy use, nutrient recovery/reuse, BOD/COD, pathogens, GHG emission, land use), economic (CAPEX OPEX), social cultural (acceptance, required competences education), technological (flexibility/adaptability, reliability/continuity service) indicators. The best performing concept, is application Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) Trickling Filter (TF) at level treatment subsequent agriculture. Its overall average normalised score across four categories (i.e., per category) about 15% (0.85) higher than values remaining systems 0.73 (conventional activated sludge – centralised level), 0.77 (UASB-septic tank (ST)), 0.76 (UASB-TF - community 0.75 (ST household level). UASB-TF mainly due much better performance categories. In conclusion, that can support urban planning decision-making selecting more sustainable allowing context or other contexts. • Integrated assessment proposed. Source separated conventional comparison. A list indicators been assessment. Sanitation have ranked based their Monte Carlo simulation applied analyse sensitivity results.